Análisis temporal de la mortalidad por causas evitables en las primeras 24 horas de vida, 2000-2021 / Temporal analysis of mortality from preventable causes in the first 24 hours of life, 2000-2021 / Análise temporal da mortalidade por causas evitáveis nas primeiras 24 horas de vida, 2000-2021

Objetivo: analizar el patrón temporal y estimar las tasas de mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida y por causas evitables en el estado de Pernambuco en el período de 2000 a 2021. Método: estudio ecológico, teniendo como unidad de análisis el trimestre. La fuente de datos se constituyó por el Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad y el Sistema de Informaciones sobre Nacidos Vivos. El modelado de series temporales se realizó según el Modelo Autorregresivo Integrado de Promedio Móvil. Resultados: se registraron 14.462 óbitos en las primeras 24 horas de vida, siendo 11.110 (el 76,8%) evitables. Se observa para los pronósticos ( forecasts) que la tasa de mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida registro una variación de 3,3 a 2,4 por 1.000 nacidos vivos, y la tasa de mortalidad por causas evitables de 2,3 a 1,8 por 1.000 nacidos vivos. Conclusión: la predicción sugirió avances en la reducción de la mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida en el estado y por causas evitables. Los modelos ARIMA presentaron estimaciones satisfactorias para las tasas de mortalidad y por causas evitables en las primeras 24 horas de vida.

Objective: to analyze the temporal pattern and estimate mortality rates in the first 24 hours of life and from preventable causes in the state of Pernambuco from 2000 to 2021. Method: an ecological study, using the quarter as the unit of analysis. The data source was made up of the Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System. The time series modeling was conducted according to the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model. Results: 14,462 deaths were recorded in the first 24 hours of life, 11,110 (76.8%) of which being preventable. It is observed from the forecasts that the mortality rate in the first 24 hours of life ranged from 3.3 to 2.4 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate from preventable causes ranged from 2.3 to 1.8 per 1,000 live births. Conclusion: the prediction suggested progress in reducing mortality in the first 24 hours of life in the state and from preventable causes. The ARIMA models presented satisfactory estimates for mortality rates and preventable causes in the first 24 hours of life.

Objetivo: analisar o padrão temporal e estimar as taxas de mortalidade nas primeiras 24 horas de vida e por causas evitáveis no estado de Pernambuco no período de 2000 a 2021. Método: estudo ecológico, tendo como unidade de análise o trimestre. A fonte de dados foi constituída pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. A modelagem da série temporal foi conduzida segundo o Modelo Autorregressivo Integrado de Médias Móveis. Resultados: foram registrados 14.462 óbitos nas primeiras 24 horas de vida, sendo 11.110 (76,8%) evitáveis. Observa-se para os forecasts que a taxa de mortalidade nas primeiras 24 horas de vida variou de 3,3 a 2,4 por 1.000 nascidos vivos, e a taxa de mortalidade por causas evitáveis variou de 2,3 a 1,8 por 1.000 nascidos vivos. Conclusão: a previsão sugeriu avanços na redução da mortalidade nas primeiras 24 horas de vida no estado e por causas evitáveis. Os modelos ARIMA apresentaram estimativas satisfatórias para as taxas de mortalidade e por causas evitáveis nas primeiras 24 horas de vida.

Características clínicas de la mortalidad neonatal en un hospital de tercer nivel del Paraguay: un estudio observacional retrospectivo

Introducción: La mortalidad neonatal sigue siendo un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo, especialmente en países en desarrollo. La mayoría de las muertes neonatales son atribuibles a complicaciones prevenibles, como la prematuridad, la sepsis neonatal y la asfixia al nacer. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas de la mortalidad neonatal en un hospital de tercer nivel del Paraguay mediante un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Metodología: El presente estudio es de diseño observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, se realizó en el Hospital de Clínicas de Paraguay. Este diseño permitió obtener información de los registros médicos de los recién nacidos atendidos en el hospital durante un período de cinco años. Resultados: En el periodo comprendido entre el 2018 y el 2022, se registraron un total de 131 casos de mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital de Clínicas del Paraguay. El peso medio al nacer de 2009,5 ± 991,4 kilogramos y una edad gestacional media de 32,87 ± 4,5 semanas. Los diagnósticos de óbito más frecuentes en los neonatos fueron sepsis (37 casos), afectación cardiaca (61 casos) y síndrome genético (39 casos). Discusión: Los datos obtenidos del estudio sugieren que existen factores de riesgo maternos y neonatales que están vinculados con la mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital de Clínicas del Paraguay. Se necesitan estudios posteriores que permitan profundizar en el análisis de estos factores y que permitan el desarrollo de estrategias preventivas para disminuir la tasa de mortalidad neonatal en el país.

Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Most neonatal deaths are attributable to preventable complications, such as premature birth, neonatal sepsis, and birth asphyxia. Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of neonatal mortality in a tertiary-level hospital in Paraguay through a retrospective observational study. Methods: This observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted at the Hospital de Clínicas in Paraguay. This design allowed information to be obtained from the medical records of newborns who attended the hospital over a period of five years. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 121 cases of neonatal mortality were recorded at the Hospital de Clínicas del Paraguay. The mean birth weight was 2013.51 ± 1021 kg and mean gestational age was 32.87 ± 4.6 weeks. The most frequent diagnoses of neonatal death were sepsis (37 cases), cardiac involvement (61 cases), and genetic syndromes (39 cases). Discussion: The data obtained from this study suggest that maternal and neonatal risk factors are associated with neonatal mortality in the Hospital de Clínicas of Paraguay. Further studies are needed to analyze these factors and develop preventive strategies to reduce the neonatal mortality rate in the country.

Restrição do crescimento intrauterino, prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer: fenótipos de risco de morte neonatal, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer: fenotipos de riesgo de muerte neonatal, estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil / Intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, and low birth weight: risk phenotypes of neonatal death, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Resumo: A restrição do crescimento intrauterino e a prematuridade determinam o baixo peso ao nascer, e a combinação das três condições resulta em diferentes fenótipos neonatais que interferem na sobrevivência infantil. Foram estimadas a prevalência, a sobrevivência e a mortalidade neonatal, segundo os fenótipos neonatais, na coorte de nascidos vivos de 2021 no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram excluídos nascidos vivos de gravidez múltipla, com anomalia congênita, e com inconsistências nas informações de peso e idade gestacional. Foi utilizada a curva Intergrowth para classificar adequação do peso, e estimadas a mortalidade (< 24 horas, 1-6 e 7-27 dias) e sobrevida (Kaplan-Meier). Dos 174.399 nascidos vivos, 6,8%, 5,5% e 9,5% eram, respectivamente, baixo peso ao nascer, pequeno para idade gestacional (PIG) e prematuros. Entre nascidos vivos com baixo peso ao nascer, 39,7% eram PIG e 70%, prematuros. Os fenótipos neonatais foram heterogêneos segundo características maternas, do parto, da gestação e do recém-nascido. A taxa de mortalidade por 1.000 nascidos vivos foi elevada para neonatos de baixo peso ao nascer prematuros, tanto PIG (78,1) quanto AIG (adequado para idade gestacional: 61,1), em todas as idades específicas. Houve reduções significantes da sobrevida quando comparados aos nascidos vivos não baixo peso ao nascer, AIG termo. As prevalências estimadas mostraram menores valores que as de outros estudos, em parte pelos critérios de exclusão adotados. Os fenótipos neonatais identificaram crianças mais vulneráveis e com maior risco de morte. A prematuridade contribuiu mais para a mortalidade que a condição de PIG; sua prevenção é necessária para reduzir a mortalidade neonatal no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Resumen: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y la prematuridad determinan el bajo peso al nacer, y la combinación de las tres condiciones da como resultado diferentes fenotipos neonatales que interfieren en la supervivencia infantil. Se estimó la prevalencia, supervivencia y mortalidad neonatal según los fenotipos neonatales, en la cohorte de nacidos vivos en 2021 en el Estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se excluyeron nacidos vivos de embarazo múltiple, con anomalía congénita y con inconsistencias en la información sobre el peso y edad gestacional. Se utilizó la curva Intergrowth para clasificar la adecuación de peso, y se estimó la mortalidad (< 24 horas, 1-6 y 7-27 días) y supervivencia (Kaplan-Meier). De los 174.399 nacidos vivos, 6,8%, 5,5% y 9,5% fueron, respectivamente, bajo peso al nacer, pequeños para la edad gestacional (PIG) y prematuros. Entre los bacidos vivos com bajo peso al nacer, el 39,7% eran PIG y el 70% prematuros. Los fenotipos neonatales fueron heterogéneos según las características maternas, del parto, del embarazo y del recién nacido. La tasa de mortalidad por 1.000 nacidos vivos fue alta para los neonatos bajo peso al nacer prematuros, tanto PIG (78,1) como AIG (apropiado para la edad gestacional: 61,1), en todas las edades específicas. Hubo reducciones significativas en la supervivencia en comparación con el término AIG bajo peso al nacer nos nacidos vivos. Las prevalencias estimadas mostraron valores inferiores a los de otros estudios, en parte debido a los criterios de exclusión adoptados. Los fenotipos neonatales identificó a los niños más vulnerables y con mayor riesgo de muerte. La prematuridad contribuyó más a la mortalidad que la condición PIG, y su prevención es necesaria para reducir la mortalidad neonatal en el Estado de Río de Janeiro.

Abstract: Intrauterine growth restriction and prematurity determine low birth weight. The combination of the three conditions results in different neonatal phenotypes that interfere with child survival. Neonatal prevalence, survival and mortality were estimated according to neonatal phenotypes in the cohort of live births in 2021 in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In this study, live births of multiple pregnancies, with congenital anomalies and inconsistencies in the information of weight and gestational age were excluded. The Intergrowth curve was used to classify weight adequacy. Mortality (< 24 hours, 1-6 and 7-27 days) and survival (Kaplan-Meier) were estimated. In total, 6.8%, 5.5%, and 9.5% of the 174,399 live births were low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and premature, respectively. Considering low birth weight live births, 39.7% were SGA and 70% were premature. The neonatal phenotypes were heterogeneous according to maternal, delivery, pregnancy, and newborn characteristics. The mortality rate per 1,000 live births was high for low birth weight premature newborns, both SGA (78.1) and AGA (adequate for gestational age: 61.1), at all specific ages. Reductions in the survival rate were observed when comparing non-low birth weight and AGA term live births. The estimated prevalence values were lower than those of other studies, partly due to the exclusion criteria adopted. The neonatal phenotypes identified children who were more vulnerable and at higher risk of death. Prematurity contributed more to mortality than SGA, and its prevention is necessary to reduce neonatal mortality in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Análise espaçotemporal da mortalidade nas primeiras 24 horas de vida e sua evitabilidade no estado de Pernambuco, 2000-2019 / Spatio-temporal analysis of mortality in the first 24 hours of life and its preventability in the state of Pernambuco, 2000-2019 / Análisis espaciotemporal sobre la mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida y su prevención en el estado de Pernambuco entre 2000 y 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os padrões espaçotemporais da mortalidade nas primeiras 24 horas de vida e sua evitabilidade no estado de Pernambuco no período de 2000 a 2019. Trata-se de estudo ecológico misto, tendo os trimestres e os municípios como unidades de análise. Constituíram-se como fontes de dados os sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e Nascidos Vivos. Foram incluídos todos os óbitos no estado nas primeiras 24 horas de vida e por causas evitáveis, caracterizados conforme fatores de riscos proximais, intermediários e distais. A análise de evitabilidade dos óbitos utilizou a Lista Brasileira de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis por Intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade e de evitabilidade nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. A análise espacial foi conduzida por meio da estatística scan, e a temporal, segundo o Modelo Autorregressivo Integrado de Médias Móveis. No período de 2000 a 2019, foram registrados 13.601 óbitos nas primeiras 24 horas de vida, sendo 10.497 (77,19%) por causas evitáveis. Destes, 5.513 (40,53%) foram classificados como reduzíveis por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação. As variáveis do nível proximal idade gestacional < 22 semanas (RA = 855,01) e peso ao nascer < 1.500 gramas (RA = 204,03) representam uma parcela importante dos óbitos ocorridos nas primeiras 24 horas de vida. As variáveis idade gestacional, sexo, peso ao nascer, tipo de gravidez, tipo de parto, idade da mãe e escolaridade materna foram estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,01). A varredura espacial identificou o aumento de clusters para ambas as taxas. A análise temporal evidenciou que a taxa de mortalidade e a taxa de mortalidade por causas evitáveis apresentaram padrão estacionário no período e a previsão revelou tendência crescente. Os resultados mostraram que a mortalidade nas primeiras 24 horas de vida e por causas evitáveis se configura como um problema de saúde pública no estado. Áreas de maior risco de óbito foram apontadas e a previsão revelou um aumento nas taxas.

This study aims to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of mortality in the first 24 hours of life and its preventability in the state of Pernambuco from 2000 to 2019. This is a mixed ecological study with the quarters and the municipalities as units of analysis. The information systems on Mortality and Live Births constituted the data sources. All deaths in the state in the first 24 hours of life and from preventable causes were included, characterized according to proximal, intermediate, and distal risk factors. The analysis of preventability of deaths used the Brazilian List of Preventable Causes of Death by Interventions of the Brazilian National Health System. Mortality and preventability rates in the first 24 hours of life were calculated. Spatial analysis was conducted using scan and temporal statistics according to the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages Model. In the period from 2000 to 2019, 13,601 deaths were recorded in the first 24 of life, of which 10,497 (77.19%) were due to preventable causes. Of these, 5,513 (40.53%) were classified as reducible due to adequate care for women during pregnancy. The variables at the proximal level: gestational age < 22 weeks (AR = 855.01) and birth weight < 1,500 grams (AR = 204.03) represent an important part of the deaths that occurred in the first 24 hours of life. The variables gestational age, sex, birth weight, type of pregnancy, type of delivery, mother's age and maternal education were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Spatial scanning identified the increase in clusters for both rates. The temporal analysis showed that the mortality rate and the mortality rate from preventable causes presented a stationary pattern in the period and the forecast reveals a growing trend. The results show that mortality in the first 24 hours of life and from preventable causes is configured as a public health problem in the state. Areas of greater risk of death were identified and the forecast reveals an increase in the rates.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los patrones espaciotemporales de mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida y su prevención en el estado de Pernambuco (Brasil) en el periodo de 2000 a 2019. Se trata de un estudio ecológico mixto, con los trimestres y los municipios como unidades de análisis. Los sistemas de información sobre Mortalidad y Nacidos Vivos fueron las fuentes de datos. Se incluyeron todas las muertes en las primeras 24 horas de vida y por causas prevenibles en el estado y se caracterizaron según factores de riesgo proximal, intermedio y distal. El análisis de la prevención de las muertes utilizó la Lista Brasileña de Causas de Muerte Prevenibles por Intervenciones del Sistema Único de Salud. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad y de prevención en las primeras 24 horas de vida. El análisis espacial se llevó a cabo usando estadísticas de escaneo y análisis temporal de acuerdo con el modelo de promedios móviles integrados autorregresivos. En el período de 2000 a 2019 se registraron 13.601 muertes en las primeras 24 de vida, de las cuales 10.497 (77,19%) se debieron a causas evitables. De estas, 5.513 (40,53%) fueron clasificadas como reducibles por atención adecuada a la mujer durante el embarazo. Las variables a nivel proximal edad gestacional < 22 semanas (RA = 855,01) y peso al nacer < 1.500 gramos (RA = 204,03) representan parte importante de las muertes ocurridas en las primeras 24 horas de vida. Las variables edad gestacional, sexo, peso al nacer, tipo de embarazo, tipo de parto, edad de la madre y escolaridad materna fueron estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,01). El escaneo espacial identificó un aumento de conglomerados para ambas tasas. El análisis temporal mostró que la tasa de mortalidad y la tasa de mortalidad por causas evitables presentaron un patrón estacionario en el periodo, y el pronóstico revela una tendencia creciente. Los resultados muestran que la mortalidad en las primeras 24 horas de vida y por causas prevenibles se configura como un problema de salud pública en el estado. Se identificaron áreas de mayor riesgo de muerte, y el pronóstico revela un aumento en las tasas.

Experiências e condutas do profissional de saúde diante do óbito neonatal: revisão integrativa / Experiencias y conductas de los profesionales de la salud ante la muerte neonatal: revisión integradora / Experiences and behaviors of healthcare professionals in the face of neonatal death: an integrative review

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as experiências e a condutas do profissional de saúde diante do óbito neonatal disponíveis na literatura. Método: estudo bibliográfico descritivo, do tipo revisão integrativa, com delimitação temporal de 2009 a 2020, realizado nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL e biblioteca virtual SciELO, por duas pesquisadoras de forma independente em junho de 2021. Foram selecionados 511 artigos, mas somente 21 compuseram o corpus final do estudo após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão. Resultados: os estudos evidenciaram que as experiências dos profissionais diante do óbito são permeadas por sentimentos ambivalentes que influenciam na escolha de suas estratégias de enfrentamento. Dentre as condutas adotadas pelos profissionais, a comunicação clara e sensível, o acolhimento ao luto dos familiares, o respeito à decisão dos pais em relação aos cuidados com o recém-nascido e a entrega de lembranças foram consideradas atitudes positivas para a superação do óbito neonatal. Considerações finais: os resultados mostram o despreparo dos profissionais para lidar com o processo de morte do recém-nascido e a necessidade de haver estratégias de educação permanente voltada ao óbito neonatal.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las experiencias y conductas de los profesionales de la salud ante la muerte neonatal disponibles en la bibliografía. Método: estudio bibliográfico descriptivo, tipo revisión integradora, con delimitación temporal de 2009 a 2020, realizado en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL y la biblioteca virtual SciELO, por dos investigadoras de forma independiente en junio de 2021. Se seleccionaron 511 artículos, pero sólo 21 constituyeron el corpus final del estudio tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión/exclusión. Resultados: los estudios evidencian que las experiencias de los profesionales en el ámbito laboral están impregnadas de sentimientos ambivalentes que influyen en la elección de sus estrategias de enfrentamiento. Entre las conductas adoptadas por los profesionales, se destacan: la comunicación clara y sensible; atención al duelo de los familiares; el respeto a la decisión de los países en relación a los cuidados con el recién nacido; y la entrega de las memorias, fueron consideradas actitudes positivas para la superación del fallecimiento neonatal. Consideraciones finales: los resultados muestran la falta de preparación de los profesionales para afrontar el proceso de muerte del recién nacido y la necesidad de estrategias de formación continua centradas en la muerte neonatal.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the experiences and behaviors of healthcare professionals in the face of neonatal death Available from the literature. Method: descriptive bibliographical study, of the integrative review type, with temporal delimitation from 2009 to 2020, carried out in the LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO virtual library databases, by two researchers independently in June de 2021. A total of 511 articles were selected, but only 21 made up the final corpus of the study after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: the studies showed that the experiences of professionals in the face of death are permeated by ambivalent feelings that influence the choice of their coping strategies. Among the behaviors adopted by the professionals, clear and sensitive communication, welcoming the grieving of family members, respect for the parents' decision regarding the care of the newborn and the delivery of memories were considered positive attitudes for overcoming neonatal death. Final considerations: the results show the unpreparedness of healthcare professionals to deal with the newborn's death process and the need for permanent education strategies focused on neonatal death.

Características epidemiológicas da mortalidade neonatal e infantil em uma regional de saúde / Epidemiological characteristics of neonatal and infant mortality in a health regional area

Objetivou-se analisar o perfil epidemiológico e as causas da mortalidade neonatal e infantil, em uma Regional de Saúde, de janeiro/2018 a agosto/2020. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, transversal, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu em agosto de 2020, por meio de questionário elaborado pelas pesquisadoras, com base nas declarações de óbito disponibilizadas no Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade. O instrumento abordou as variáveis, sexo, raça, cor, idade da criança, idade materna, escolaridade materna, via de parto, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, causa do óbito. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e distribuição de frequência, por meio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 25.0. Constatou-se o predomínio de óbitos no sexo masculino (56,5%), de raça branca (87,8%), com equivalência entre extremo baixo peso e adequado (31,3%), com a principal causa de óbito por septicemia (13,9%). Quanto aos dados maternos, prevaleceram idade entre 21 e 30 anos de idade (45,2%) com gestação única (85,21%) e parto cesariano (65,2 %). Desses, 47,87% ocorreram no ano de 2018. Analisar os aspectos da mortalidade neonatal e infantil possibilita o planejamento e a readequação de ações no atendimento à saúde da criança, durante o período mais vulnerável e mais crítico dela, contribuindo, assim, para redução do número de óbitos.

This study analyzed the epidemiological profile and the causes of neonatal and infant mortality in a Health Regional Area between January 2018 and August 2020. This is an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study with a quantitative approach. Data collection took place during August 2020 through a questionnaire prepared by the researchers, based on the death certificates available in the Mortality Information System. The instrument included the variables of sex, race, color, child's age, mother's age, maternal education, childbirth mode, gestational age, birth weight, cause of death. The data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and frequency distribution using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. There was a predominance of deaths among boys (56.5%), Caucasian (87.8%), with equivalence between extreme low and adequate weight (31.3%), with the main cause of death being septicemia (13.9%). As for maternal data, age between 21 to 30 years old (45.2%) prevailed, and 85.21% had a single pregnancy, with C-section childbirth (65.2%). From these, 47.87% occurred in 2018. It can be concluded that analyzing the aspects of neonatal and child mortality enables the planning and adjustment of actions in child health care during its most vulnerable and most critical period, thus contributing to reducing the number of deaths.

Is newborn survival influenced by place of delivery? A comparison of home, public sector and private sector deliveries in India.

In 2005 and again in 2011, the Government of India launched schemes to encourage institutional delivery among poor women, with the aim of improving maternal and newborn health outcomes. Partly as a result of these initiatives, the proportion of children born in a health facility rose steeply from 42% in 2000-2005 to 81% a decade later. In this context, the objective of this paper was to determine the association between place of delivery (public sector, private sector, home) and early neonatal mortality, defined as death in the first 7 days after birth. The focus was on early neonatal mortality because over half of all under-five deaths occur in his period and because the protective effect of an institutional place of birth should be strongest in those few early days. Both bivariate methods and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to data from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015-16. For the country as a whole, it was found that the adjusted odds of death in the early neonatal period were lower for deliveries in public health facilities than for home deliveries (OR 0.833 p<0.01), but no significant difference was found between deliveries in private health facilities and at home. Adjusted odds of death were higher for deliveries in private than public sector facilities (OR 1.41 p<0.01). On further investigation, for the poor in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, it was found that the risks of dying in the early neonatal period were even higher for babies delivered in private health facilities than for home deliveries with adjusted odds of over 2.0. These results raise serious questions about quality of care in the private sector in India. In the context of increased emphasis on public-private partnerships in health services provision in the country, it becomes imperative to enforce better inspection, licensing and quality control of private sector facilities, especially in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

Effect of Maternal Healthcare Utilization on Early Neonatal, Neonatal and Post-Neonatal Mortality in India.

This paper examines the effect of maternal healthcare utilization on early neonatal, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in India using the recent round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data. At the national level, for the last live birth of women during the five year preceding the survey, the early neonatal mortality rate was about 16, neonatal mortality rate was 19 and post-neonatal mortality was 7 per thousand live births. Also, only one-fifth of women who had a birth in the past five years received full antenatal care (ANC), 83 percent women received safe delivery and 65 percent women received post-natal care. Findings of the study indicate that full ANC and postnatal care were significantly associated with early neonatal and neonatal mortality. However, no significant association between safe delivery and newborn mortality were found after adjusting the socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Therefore, for a policy point of view, there is a dire need to strengthen supply dependent factors regarding public awareness, accessibility, and affordability of maternal and child healthcare services. It is also necessary to focus on increasing utilization along with continuum of care of maternal and child healthcare services to sustain the reduction in mortality during infancy.

Age-specific neonatal mortality and associated factors in the 2021 state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) birth cohort / Mortalidade neonatal específica por idade e fatores associados na coorte de nascidos vivos em 2021, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the causes of age-specific neonatal deaths and death-associated factors in the 2021 state of Rio de Janeiro birth cohort. Methods: Retrospective cohort of live births (LB) followed up to 27 days of delivery (<24hs, 1-6 and 7-27 days). Data obtained from the Information Systems on Live Births (2021) and Mortality (2021/2022). We described the distributions of maternal and newborn characteristics and causes of death. We used multinomial regression models with hierarchical levels of determination of neonatal death. Results: Of the 179,837 LB, 274 died within 24 hours, 447 within 1-6 days and 324 within 7-27 days. The neonatal mortality rate was 5.8‰ LB (CI 95%: 5.5-6.2). Neonatal survivors and deaths were heterogeneous according to the analyzed characteristics, except for the reproductive history (p<0,05). 78% of causes of death were avoidable. Causes reducible by adequate care for pregnant women (<24 hours and 1-6 days) and newborns (7-27 days) predominated. Low schooling showed a significant association for deaths between 7-27 days (ORajusted=1.3); mixed race, for deaths between 1-6 days (ORajusted=1.3), and black color for both age groups (1-6 days: ORajusted=1.5 and 7-27 days: ORajusted=1.8). Health care and biological factors of LB (intermediate and proximal levels) remained strongly associated with neonatal death, regardless of age. Conclusion: Causes of death, factors associated with neonatal death, and strength of association differed according to death-specific age. Preventive actions for neonatal death should consider sociodemographic vulnerabilities and intensify adequate prenatal and perinatal care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a magnitude dos óbitos neonatais (ON), as causas de morte e os fatores associados por idade específica na coorte de nascidos vivos em 2021, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva de nascidos vivos (NV) seguidos até 27 dias do parto (<24 horas, 1-6 e 7-27 dias). Dados obtidos dos Sistemas de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (2021) e Mortalidade (2021/2022). Foram descritas as distribuições das características maternas e do recém-nascido, causas de mortes e evitabilidade. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão multinomial com níveis hierárquicos de determinação do ON. Resultados: Dos 179.837 NV, morreram 274 até 24 horas, 447 de 1 a 6 dias e 324 de 7 a 27 dias. A taxa de mortalidade neonatal foi 5,8‰ NV (intervalo de confiança — IC95%: 5,5-6,2). Sobreviventes e ON foram heterogêneos segundo caraterísticas analisadas, exceto história reprodutiva (p<0,05). Das causas de morte, 78% eram evitáveis. Predominaram causas reduzíveis por adequada atenção à gestante (<24 horas e 1-6 dias) e ao recém-nascido (7-27 dias). No nível distal, baixa escolaridade mostrou associação significante para óbitos entre 7 e 27 dias (ORajustado=1,3), cor parda, para óbitos de 1-6 dias (ORajustado=1,3) e cor preta, para ambas as idades (1-6: ORajustado=1,5; 7-27 dias: ORajustado=1,8). Fatores assistenciais e biológicos do NV (níveis intermediário e proximal) mantiveram-se fortemente associadas aos ON, independentemente da idade. Conclusão: As causas de morte, os fatores associados ao ON e a força de associação diferiram conforme a idade do óbito. Ações preventivas do ON devem considerar vulnerabilidades sociodemográficas e intensificar uma assistência adequada pré-natal e perinatal.

Derivation and Validation of a Risk Score to Predict Mortality of Early Neonates at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: The END in NICU Score.

BACKGROUND: Early neonatal death is death of infants in the first week of life. And 34% to 92% of neonatal deaths happen within 7 days of postnatal period. Thus, the early neonatal period is the most critical time for an infant, requiring different strategies to prevent mortality. Among strategies, deriving and implementing early warning scores is crucial to predict early neonatal mortality earlier upon hospital admission. OBJECTIVE: To derive and validate a risk score to predict mortality of early neonates at Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital neonatal intensive care unit, Bahir Dar, 2021. METHODS: The document review was conducted from February 24, to April 08, 2021, on all early neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The total number of early neonates included in the derivation study was 1100. Data were collected by using checklists prepared on EpiCollect5 software. After exporting the data to R version 4.0.5 software, variables with (p < 0.25) from the simple binary regression were entered into a multiple logistic regression model, and significant variables (p < 0.05) were kept in the model. The discrimination and calibration were assessed. The model was internally validated using bootstrapping technique. RESULTS: Admission weight, birth Apgar score, perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, mode of delivery, sepsis, and gestational age at birth remained in the final multiple logistic regression prediction model. The area under curve of receiver operating characteristic curve for early neonatal mortality score was 90.7%. The model retained excellent discrimination under internal validation. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value, negative predictive value of the model was 89.4%, 82.5%, 55.5%, and 96.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The derived score has an excellent discriminative ability and good prediction performance. This is an important tool for predicting early neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care units at admission.

Perinatal Mortality Analysis in Espírito Santo, Brazil, 2008 to 2017.

This is an ecological and time-series study using secondary data on perinatal mortality and its components from 2008 to 2017 in Espírito Santo, Brazil. The data were collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and Live Births Information System (SINASC) of the Unified Health System Informatics Department (DATASUS) in June 2019. The perinatal mortality rate (×1000 total births) was calculated. Time series were constructed from the perinatal mortality rate for the regions and Espírito Santo. To analyze the trend, the Prais-Winsten model was used. From 2008 to 2017 there were 8132 perinatal deaths (4939 fetal and 3193 early neonatal) out of a total of 542,802 births, a perinatal mortality rate of 15.0/1000 total births. The fetal/early neonatal ratio was 1.5:1, with a strong positive correlation early neonatal mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate, r (9) = 0.8893, with a significance level of p = 0.000574. The presence of differences in trends by health region was observed. Risk factors that stood out were as follows: mother's age ranging between 10 and 19 or 40 and 49 years old, with no education, a gestational age between 22 and 36 weeks, triple and double pregnancy, and a birth weight below 2499 g. Among the causes of death, 49.70% of deaths were concentrated in category of the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases, fetuses and newborns affected by maternal factors and complications of pregnancy, labor, and delivery (P00-P04), and 11.03% were in the category of intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia (P20-P21), both related to proper care during pregnancy and childbirth. We observed a slow reduction in the perinatal mortality rate in the state of Espírito Santo from 2008 to 2017.

Caesarean section rate in Nigeria between 2013 and 2018 by obstetric risk and socio-economic status.

OBJECTIVES: Caesarean section (CS) can be life-saving for both mother and child, but in Nigeria the CS rate remains low, at 2.7% of births. We aimed to estimate the rate of CS and early neonatal mortality in Nigeria according to obstetric risk and socio-economic background and to identify factors associated with CS. METHODS: We used the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, encompassing 33 924 live births within the last 5 years, to estimate the CS rate and early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR) by obstetric risk group, informed by the Robson classification. The CS rate and ENMR were assessed within each Robson group and stratified by socio-economic background. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore determinants of CS. RESULTS: Almost three-quarters (72.4%) of all births were to multiparous women, with a singleton baby of normal birthweight, thus a low-risk group similar to Robson 3, and with a CS rate of 1.0%. CS rates in the two high-risk groups (multiple pregnancy and preterm/low birthweight) were low, 7.1% (95% CI: 5.2-9.7) and 1.8 % (95% CI: 1.4-2.4), respectively. The ENMR was particularly high for multiple pregnancy (175 per 1000 live births; 95% CI: 131-230). Greater number of antenatal visits, unwanted pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, household wealth, maternal education, Christians/Others versus Muslims and referral during childbirth were positively associated with CS. CONCLUSION: Inequitable access to CS is not limited to socio-economic determinants, but also related to obstetric risk factors, calling for increased efforts to improve access to CS for high-risk pregnancies.

Near miss neonatal em hospitais de referência para gestação e parto de alto risco: estudo transversal / Neonatal near miss in referral hospitals for high-risk pregnancy and childbirth: a cross-sectional study / Near miss neonatal en hospitales de referencia para el embarazo y parto de alto riesgo: estudio transversal

O objetivo do artigo foi descrever e comparar indicadores de near miss neonatal em hospitais de referência para gestação e parto de alto risco. É um estudo exploratório, transversal, realizado em dois hospitais gerais localizados na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Considerou-se casos de near miss neonatal os recém-nascidos do ano de 2016 com idade gestacional < 33 semanas ou peso ao nascer < 1.750g ou Apgar no 5º minuto de vida < 7 ou internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) neonatal, e que permaneceram vivos até 7 dias de vida. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e sobre Mortalidade, do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, para caracterizar todos os nascidos vivos das instituições, os casos de near miss e a disponibilidade de tecnologia. Calculou-se os indicadores de near miss neonatal e a taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce. O Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira acolheu a clientela de maior gravidade, apresentou maior taxa de near miss neonatal (119,21 por mil nascidos vivos; p = 0,009) e de mortalidade neonatal precoce (35,22 por mil nascidos vivos; p < 0,001). O Hospital das Clínicas registrou a maior proporção de internações em UTI neonatal (76% dos casos; p < 0,001). Os indicadores de near miss neonatal demonstraram diferenças entre os hospitais analisados, sendo úteis para a vigilância da assistência neonatal em instituições de saúde, mas necessitam de atenção ao perfil e contexto local quando a intenção é realizar avaliações classificatórias. Os achados mostram a complexidade de avaliar diferentes serviços de saúde.

The article aimed to describe and compare indicators of neonatal near miss in referral hospitals for high-risk pregnancy and childbirth. This exploratory study was performed in two general hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The study included cases of neonatal near miss in the year 2016 with gestational age < 33 weeks, birthweight < 1,750g, 5-minute Apgar < 7, or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) and that remained alive at 7 days of life. Data were extracted from the Brazilian Information System on Live Births, Mortality Information System, Hospital Information System, and National Registry of Healthcare Establishments to characterize all live births at the institutions, cases of near miss, and availability of technology. Neonatal near miss and early neonatal mortality rates were calculated. The Pernambuco Maternal-Child Institute (IMIP) received the most serious cases and had the highest neonatal near miss rate (119.21 per thousand live births; p = 0.009) and early neonatal mortality rate (35.22 per thousand live births; p < 0.001). The University Hospital had the highest proportion of neonatal ICU admissions (76% of the near miss cases; p < 0.001). Neonatal near miss rates differed between the hospitals and are useful for surveillance of neonatal care in healthcare institutions, but they require attention to the local profile and context when the objective is to perform evaluations with classification. The findings reflect the complexity of assessing different health services.

El objetivo del artículo fue describir y comparar indicadores de near miss neonatal en hospitales de referencia para el embarazo y parto de alto riesgo. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, transversal, realizado en dos hospitales generales, localizados en la ciudad de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se consideraron casos de near miss neonatal a los recién nacidos del año 2016, con una edad gestacional < 33 semanas o peso al nacer < 1.750g o Apgar en el 5º minuto de vida < 7 o internamiento en la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) neonatal y que permanecieron vivos hasta los 7 días de vida. Los datos se extrajeron del Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos y sobre Mortalidad, del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria y Registro Nacional de Establecimientos de Salud para caracterizar a todos los nacidos vivos de las instituciones, los casos de near miss y la disponibilidad de tecnología. Se calcularon los indicadores de near miss neonatal y la tasa de mortalidad neonatal precoz. El Instituto de Medicina Integral Profesor Fernando Figueira acogió a pacientes de mayor gravedad, presentó una mayor tasa de near miss neonatal (119,21 por mil nacidos vivos; p = 0,009) y de mortalidad neonatal precoz (35,22 por mil nacidos vivos; p < 0,001). El Hospital de las Clínicas obtuvo mayor proporción de internamientos en UTI neonatal (76% de los casos de near miss; p < 0,001). Los indicadores de near miss neonatal demostraron diferencias entre los hospitales analizados, siendo útiles para la vigilancia de la asistencia neonatal en instituciones de salud, pero que necesitan atención respecto al perfil y contexto local, cuando la intención es realizar evaluaciones clasificatorias. Los resultados muestran la complejidad de evaluar diferentes servicios de salud.

Early neonatal near miss in a university hospital: comparative cross-sectional study / Near miss neonatal precoce em hospital universitário: estudo transversal comparativo

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare 2012 and 2016 data on early neonatal near miss indicators from Health Information Systems at a university hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 and 2016. We considered early neonatal near misses the live births that presented one of the following risk conditions at birth: gestational age <33 weeks, birth weight <1,750g or 5-minute Apgar score <7, or Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission, and were alive until the 7th day of life. Data were collected from the Live Birth Information System, Hospital Information System, and Mortality Information System. We calculated the early neonatal mortality rate, neonatal near miss rate, severe neonatal outcome rate, early neonatal survival index, and early neonatal mortality index, compared by year of birth. Results: In 2012, 304 early neonatal near misses were registered, with a higher proportion of cases with very low birth weight and mothers who had zero to three prenatal visits. In 2016, the number of cases was 243, with a predominance of more NICU admissions. The incidence of early neonatal deaths and early neonatal near misses was higher in 2012 than in 2016. Conclusions: Neonatal near miss indicators identified difference between years. The cases were more severe in 2012 and there were more NICU admissions in 2016.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar os anos de 2012 e 2016 quanto a indicadores de near miss neonatal precoce, com base nos dados de Sistemas de Informação em Saúde, em hospital universitário. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 2012 e 2016. Consideraram-se casos de near miss neonatal precoce os nascidos vivos que apresentaram uma das condições de risco ao nascer (idade gestacional <33 semanas, peso ao nascer <1750 g, índice de Apgar no 5º minuto de vida <7, ou internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal - UTIN) e que permaneceram vivos até o 7º dia de vida. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos, do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. Calcularam-se a taxa de mortalidade neonatal precoce, a taxa de near miss neonatal, a taxa de desfecho neonatal grave, o índice de sobrevivência neonatal precoce e o índice de mortalidade neonatal precoce, comparados segundo o ano de nascimento. Resultados: Em 2012, ocorreram 304 casos de near miss neonatal precoce e maior proporção de casos com muito baixo peso ao nascer e de mães que realizaram nenhuma a três consultas de pré-natal. Em 2016 aconteceram 243 casos, com predomínio das internações em UTIN. O ano de 2012 teve mais óbitos neonatais precoces e mais casos de near miss neonatal precoce do que o de 2016. Conclusões: Os indicadores de near miss neonatal precoce identificaram diferenças entre os anos comparados, com maior gravidade em 2012 e, em contrapartida, maior número de internações em UTIN em 2016.

Gender variations in neonatal and early infant mortality in India and Pakistan: a secondary analysis from the Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry.

BACKGROUND: To determine the gender differences in neonatal mortality, stillbirths, and perinatal mortality in south Asia using the Global Network data from the Maternal Newborn Health Registry. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from the three south Asian sites of the Global Network. The maternal and neonatal demographic, clinical characteristics, rates of stillbirths, early neonatal mortality (1-7 days), late neonatal mortality (8-28 days), mortality between 29-42 days and the number of infants hospitalized after birth were compared between the male and female infants. RESULTS: Between 2010 and 2018, 297,509 births [154,790 males (52.03%) and 142,719 females (47.97%)] from two Indian sites and one Pakistani site were included in the analysis [288,859 live births (97.1%) and 8,648 stillbirths (2.9%)]. The neonatal mortality rate was significantly higher in male infants (33.2/1,000 live births) compared to their female counterparts (27.4/1,000, p < 0.001). The rates of stillbirths (31.0 vs. 26.9/1000 births) and early neonatal mortality (27.1 vs 21.6/1000 live births) were also higher in males. However, there were no significant differences in late neonatal mortality (6.3 vs. 5.9/1000 live births) and mortality between 29-42 days (2.1 vs. 1.9/1000 live births) between the two groups. More male infants were hospitalized within 42 days after birth (1.8/1000 vs. 1.3/1000 live births, p < 0.001) than females. CONCLUSION: The risks of stillbirths, and early neonatal mortality were higher among male infants than their female counterparts. However, there was no gender difference in mortality after 7 days of age. Our results highlight the importance of stratifying neonatal mortality into early and late neonatal period to better understand the impact of gender on neonatal mortality. The information from this study will help in developing strategies and identifying measures that can reduce differences in sex-specific mortality.

Evaluating the effect of care around labor and delivery practices on early neonatal mortality in the Global Network's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal deaths in first 28-days of life represent 47% of all deaths under the age of five years globally and are a focus of the United Nation's (UN's) Sustainable Development Goals. Pregnant women are delivering in facilities but that does not indicate quality of care during delivery and the postpartum period. The World Health Organization's Essential Newborn Care (ENC) package reduces neonatal mortality, but lacks a simple and valid composite index that measures its effectiveness. METHODS: Data on 5 intra-partum and 3 post-partum practices (indicators) recommended as part of ENC, routinely collected in NICHD's Global Network's (GN) Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) between 2010 and 2013, were included. We evaluated if all 8 practices (Care around Delivery - CAD), combined as an index was associated with reduced early neonatal mortality rates (days 0-6 of life). RESULTS: A total of 150,848 live births were included in the analysis. The individual indicators varied across sites. All components were present in 19.9% births (range 0.4 to 31% across sites). Present indicators (8 components) were associated with reduced early neonatal mortality [adjusted RR (95% CI):0.81 (0.77, 0.85); p < 0.0001]. Despite an overall association between CAD and early neonatal mortality (RR < 1.0 for all early mortality): delivery by skilled birth attendant; presence of fetal heart and delayed bathing were associated with increased early neonatal mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Present indicators (8 practices) of CAD were associated with a 19% reduction in the risk of neonatal death in the diverse health facilities where delivery occurred within the GN MNHR. These indicators could be monitored to identify facilities that need to improve compliance with ENC practices to reduce preventable neonatal deaths. Three of the 8 indicators were associated with increased neonatal mortality, due to baby being sick at birth. Although promising, this composite index needs refinement before use to monitor facility-based quality of care in association with early neonatal mortality. Trial registration The identifier of the Maternal Newborn Health Registry at ClinicalTrials.gov is NCT01073475.

Microbiological diagnostics of inneriotrobic infections.

Intrauterine infections - infectious diseases in which infection of the fetus occurred in the ante- or intrapartum period, accompanied by clinical manifestations. The purpose of this study was to study the information content and diagnostic significance of the microbiological research method for the etiological diagnosis of intrauterine infections of a bacterial nature. A retrospective (2011-2014) and prospective (2015-2019) analysis of the results of microbiological studies of biomaterials from puerperas and their newborns was carried out in 63 cases of early neonatal mortality with established diagnoses of intrauterine infections. In the study of the separated cervical canal, placenta samples, and amniotic fluid, seeding of coagulase-negative staphylococci was most frequently observed, among which the species Staphylococcus epidermidis dominated, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus warneri also met. Frequent isolation of group B streptococci from the placenta and amniotic fluid was revealed in comparison with the material from the cervical canal.The information content of the microbiological study of materials from the puerpera and the newborn in terms of confirmation of the pathogen and the fact of its transmission from mother to fetus/newborn does not exceed 30%. Even with high contamination of the genital tract of the puerpera, placenta or amniotic fluid, examination of the materials from the newborn immediately after birth often does not allow to identify the causative agent, probably due to the low degree of contamination at the initial stage of development of the infectious process. An increase in the diagnostic value of microbiological research can be facilitated by an increase in the frequency of examinations, the number of samples taken; the use of techniques to increase the sensitivity of cultural research at the stage of analysis; the use of molecular genetic methods, especially in the study of materials from newborns.

Unattended Pregnancies and Perinatal Mortality in Georgia.

INTRODUCTION: The majority of pregnant women in Georgia attend the free-of-charge, national antenatal care (ANC) programme, but over 5% of pregnancies in the country are unattended. Moreover, Georgia has one of the highest perinatal mortality (PM) rates in Europe (11.7/1000 births). PURPOSE: To assess the association between unattended pregnancies and the risk of PM. METHODS: Data were extracted from the Georgian Birth Registry (GBR) and the national vital registration system. All mothers who had singleton births and delivered in medical facilities in Georgia in 2017-2018 were included in the study and categorised into attended pregnancies (at least one ANC visit during pregnancy) and unattended pregnancies (no ANC visits during pregnancy). After exclusions, the study sample included 101,663 women and their newborns, of which 1186 were either stillborn or died within 7 days. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of unattended pregnancies on PM. RESULTS: During the study period, the PM rate was 12.9/1000 births. In total, 5.6% of women had unattended pregnancies. The odds of PM among women with unattended pregnancies were more than double those among women with attended pregnancies (odds ratio=2.21, [95% confidence interval: 1.81-2.70]). Multiparous women with higher education and who resided/delivered outside of Tbilisi were significantly less likely to experience PM. CONCLUSION: The risk of PM doubled among women with unattended pregnancies. Six percent of PM cases were attributable to unattended pregnancies. Targeting women with previous unattended pregnancies will likely reduce the PM rate in Georgia.

Mortalidade neonatal precoce e a assistência às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos em uma maternidade pública / Early neonatal mortality and assistance to women and newborns in a public maternity hospital

Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade neonatal precoce e a assistência ofertada à mulher e ao recém-nascido em uma maternidade pública de Fortaleza, Ceará. Metodologia: estudo documental e descritivo, realizado em uma maternidade de Fortaleza. Procedeu-se mediante análise das fichas individuais de investigação de óbito neonatal precoce, notificados no serviço entre janeiro de 2014 e dezembro de 2018. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente no software Statistical Package for Social Sciences. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê da Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Geral Dr. César Cals, sob parecer 3.073.569. Resultados: no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2018, foram notificados 466 casos de mortalidade neonatal precoce. Houve predomínio de mães provenientes do interior, com idade entre 18 e 24 anos, pardas e solteiras. A maioria era primigesta, gestação única, realizou menos de seis consultas pré-natais, teve parto vaginal, sem uso do partograma e com uso de medicações. Quanto às condições de nascimento dos recém-nascidos, a maioria apresentou baixo peso ao nascer e idade gestacional menor que 37 semanas. Conclusão: os resultados revelaram características determinantes da mortalidade neonatal precoce, as quais estão relacionadas à mãe e à assistência pré-natal, ao parto e ao recém-nascido.

Objective: to analyze early neonatal mortality and the care offered to women and newborns in a public maternity hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará. Methodology: it is a documentary and descriptive study, conducted in a maternity hospital in Fortaleza. An analyze of the individuals records of investigate early neonatal death notified in the service between January 2014 and December 2018 was carried out. Data were statistically analyzed in a software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Dr. César Cals General Hospital, under opinion 3,073,569. Results: from January 2014 to December 2018, 466 cases of early neonatal mortality were reported. There was a predominance of mothers form the countryside, aged between 18 and 24 years old, brown and single. Most were primigravida, single pregnancy, performed less than six prenatal consultations, had vaginal delivery, without partogram and medication. Regarding the conditions of birth of newborns, most have low birth weight and gestational age less than 37 weeks. Conclusion: the results revealed determining characteristics of early neonatal mortality, such as those related to mother and prenatal care, delivery and newborn.